Chief editor's word
ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT IN VARIOUS FIELDS
An accomplished fact is the development of the cryptocurrency market, including in Russia. At the same time, the Russian legal regulation mechanism has not yet been formed, and the existing draft law on the circulation of digital financial assets has not yet been agreed. Growing demand for cryptocurrencies from investors carries systemic risks, as well as threats of using digital financial assets for illegal purposes. In this regard, regulators in different countries are forced to take measures to legislate the circulation of such assets. At the same time, such measures can be quite different: from simply informing subjects about possible risks to the adoption of detailed laws establishing the rules for the circulation of such assets, the rights and obligations of subjects. At the same time, country approaches not only to regulation, but also to the definition of the essence of cryptocurrencies (money, assets, rights) differ greatly.
The purpose of the article is to form recommendations on possible development of directions of Russian regulation of the cryptocurrency market. International approaches to the regulation of digital currencies, the practice and features of their application, as well as the proposed legal norms of the Russian bill on the use of digital financial assets in civil circulation have been analyzed in the article. As the research methodology, legal and comparative analysis of Russian and foreign practice has been used. Recommendations for making amendments to the current financial legislation and emerging digital legislation have been given. According to the author, the development of the cryptocurrency market in Russia in the near future will be influenced by the following facts: the adoption of digital legislation, international experience and practice of using cryptocurrencies, technological changes.
Car stands idle in the parking lot for most of its “life”. Natural solution is to change the form of ownership – one car must serve as many people as possible. Solution to the problem is achieved by the emergence of non-existing technologies. Digital technologies allow us to take a slightly different look at the situation and make possible approaches that have not previously been possible to implement. This study is aimed at the application of different concepts of car use to improve vehicle use efficiency.
Car sharing is the use of the same car by different people. First attempts to implement car sharing were made as early as 1948 in Zurich. However, the concept did not go further. First implementation of car sharing projects occurred only in the 1970s. A new era in car sharing was opened in the 2000s. Success of car sharing was facilitated by high level of urbanization and low incomes, in which buying and maintaining a personal car can be difficult. Car sharing becomes an integral part of the city network. Ride sharing is guaranteed to reduce traffic, help offload roads during rush hours and reduce the harmful environmental impact of car emissions. Ride sourcing in today ‘s world is one of the most recognizable and common forms of mobility. How quickly and successfully digital technologies will be introduced, when using various concepts of car use, the speed of the emergence of truly unmanned vehicles on the street and road network of cities, the presence of a competent information policy, that popularizes the departure from traditional ways of owning a car, and most importantly, increasing public confidence, that after the mass rejection of personal cars, the cost of using services will not increase significantly, defines the role of various forms of car use in the future transport system of the world’s cities.
INSTRUMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
It is impossible to imagine the development of high-tech sectors of the Russian economy without the emergence and active growth of a large number of small innovative enterprises that create and promote demanded competitive goods and services on the Russian and international markets. The development of this type of company often requires the attraction of so-called “comfortable” venture capital. The main source of such capital in the early stages of development of small innovative companies is business angels. However, the evaluation of innovative projects at an early stage of development and the decision-making of business angels about investing is a rather time-consuming process, involving the analysis and systematization of a huge amount of information.
The article proposes 56 criteria for evaluating innovative projects of early stages of development. The criteria have been divided into 8 groups specific to the evaluation of projects. These criteria typically use grading scales. The most commonly used are 10-point, 5-point, 100-point rating scales and 0…1 scale.
It was proposed to evaluate innovative projects of the early stages of development not only according to the rating scale, but also using colors. Red (for negative assessments) and blue (for positive assessments) colors gradients have been used in the article. An example of constructing a colorographic map based on a fictional innovative project has been adduced. The developed colorographic maps will allow the investor to evaluate visually the information on the investment application submitted for consideration using a two-dimensional image (this is essentially a table).
The visualization of project estimates in the form of a colored octahedron has been presented. In constructing the octahedron, red, blue and white (no grade) gradients were also used. Each face of the octahedron corresponds to a group of criteria of this project. The criteria in the group are located in such a way that when reflected on the plane they will be located closer to the center of the octahedron. Thus, in the case of saturated color of the center of the octahedron, the project can receive either an excellent, or unsatisfactory rating. This visualization of the project can be useful if you need to analyze each group of criteria separately.
Artificial intelligence technologies in management
The problems of digital transformation of public administration in Russia in the application to the sphere of communication relations between government structures and business have been considered in the article. The experience of the leading countries in the use of digital communication technologies at the state level in the creation of E-Government in the United States, Great Britain and France has been investigated. At the same time, first, an analysis of the models of internal interpersonal communication in the organizations of these countries has been made, and then the national programs has been adopted in these countries for the digital transformation of public administration have been studied, and the experience of these countries in their implementation is examined. The main goal of the research is to analyze the foreign experience of implementing projects of digitalization in the national economy in order to adapt solutions to the sphere of digital communications in government structures and entrepreneurship in Russia.
Based on the conducted research, the conclusions have been made and recommendations for the successful implementation of the national program of digital transformation of public administration in Russia have been given. In particular, the study has noted that the ground for digital transformation of public administration processes in the leading countries was prepared by previously established traditions and models of interpersonal communication in society. Experience of widespread introduction and use of information and communication technologies for internal communications in organizations, development of e-сommerce and e-advertising have served as the basis in these countries for the development of digital communication channels of government structures and the population. It has been shown, that during the creation of E-Government state reforms were simultaneously carried out to reorganize state structures, training civil servants in the basics of working on a computer and on the Internet.
Based on the results of the research, the recommendations for the successful implementation of the program of digital transformation of the Russian economy have been given. It has been noted, that the main one is the need to reorganize radically the work of state structures in Russia. Without this, the gap between Russia and the leading countries in the field of digital transformation of communication between government structures and business is not possible to overcome, and this may cast doubt on the success of the national program.
Smart-city: urban infrastructure, electronic municipalities
Russia is rapidly increasing the use of digital technologies in all spheres of public life. The speed, with which new technologies appear and are implemented, leads to the fact that people cannot quickly adapt to them. In this regard, in some cases, there may be social tensions, reluctance to use modern advances in digital technologies and other social problems. There is also a overestimation of the importance and impact of the introduced technologies on improving the socio-economic and political life of the country.
In this regard, it is of interest to assess the attitude of citizens to the developing digital technologies, and, primarily, to digital services that are introduced in the system of providing state and municipal services and in the sphere of interaction between the state and society. This study is an attempt to make this kind of assessment. The background of the study was the adopting and approving in 2018 the national project “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” and the Federal programs implemented within the framework of this project, as well as the state programs and projects preceding the national project that accompany the formation of the infrastructure of the digital state.
The authors conducted a survey of 541 respondents from 49 regions of the Russian Federation to determine and assess the attitude of citizens to the digitalization of public services. During the survey, respondents were asked questions about the use of Federal and regional portals of public services, about awareness of the availability and possibility of using public technologies and services, about the convenience of services and the ability to use them. As a result of the survey, conclusions are drawn about the advantages and disadvantages of using the electronic service of public services, as well as an assessment of the attitude of citizens to the digitalization of public services.
The relationship between the perspective of sustainable development of States and the degree of their involvement in scientific and technological progress has been considered. The role of information and communication technologies in the development of society, as well as the importance of the Internet in the modern world to provide information and communication functions have been noted. The data describing the spread of the Internet in the countries of the world have been presented. The trend of increasing the number of Internet users has been traced. The high efficiency of digital communications in comparison with traditional means of communication has been emphasized.
Such an important sphere of application of information and communication technologies in Russia as E-Government has been highlighted, the range of tasks assigned to it, advantages and possible problems in its use have been characterized. Ten countries as leading providers of public services and information via the Internet have been defined. The criteria for assessing the level of E-Government development: the online service index, the telecommunications infrastructure development index, the human capital index, as well as a single indicator – the E-Government development index, have been considered. The high place of Russia in the ranking of countries that have implemented E-Government has been noticed. The importance of ensuring transparency and accountability, protection of personal data, ensuring uninterrupted service and preventing the emergence of a digital barrier when using E-Government has been emphasized.
Areas, where digital services are particularly needed, have been described. The experience of ten leading countries in the implementation and use of E-Government, as well as in the field of communication of government structures and entrepreneurship has been studied and analyzed. Such important aspects as the need to develop effective, convenient, secure services for online services, the feasibility of automating business reporting, conducting tender purchases in a digital format, and the introduction of cloud computing in the public sector have been highlighted. The development of digital services should be accompanied by ensuring the security of staying in the digital space and improving the computer literacy of citizens. Implementing digital innovation is necessary, but it should not be an end in itself.
THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Nowadays, the rapidly growing technology market and the digitalization process that covers all areas of economic activity have a strong impact on financial markets. Changes in the financial sector occur both within the financial market objects themselves and in the processes of interaction with each other and clients. These changes are related to the application of new digital technologies, including distributed accounting technology, big data analysis, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, biometric technologies, augmented / virtual reality. These technologies are related to processes such as customer use of banking applications, remote payments, planning, lending and financing, trade and investment, insurance, security, regulatory operations and communications between financial market participants and customers.
Such financial sector processes as fintech, regtech, investtech, creditech, inshurtech, cybertech, opertech, robotech, analytech, which reflect the digital aspect of the traditional processes of this market segment, have been described in the article. The article includes materials obtained in the course of the OECD’s work over the past few years on a number of related topics, including “Innovation in financial services”, “Digitalization and Finance”, which complements the study with additional relevant materials of international level. Technological innovations in the field of finance have been considered and their impact on the processes listed above has been evaluated. A detailed description of each of the nine processes contains the rationale and examples of the use of digital technologies, as well as the degree of integration and impact on these processes. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that today there are no publications in domestic and foreign sources on the identification, analysis and evaluation of factors that affect the financial sector of the economy due to the lack of statistical and analytical information. In this regard, the conclusions made are of both scientific and practical interest not only in Russia, but also in other countries with developing and developed economies.
DIGITAL STRATEGIES AND TRANSFORMATIONS
A brief overview of the possibility and readiness for digitalization of automotive industry companies has been presented. Since production processes and systems can be more intelligent, they allow to reach the high-quality standards required in service, what is the only way to maximize the improvement of its components from the very beginning of the process.
Digitalization is one of the main levers to enhance business and increase competitiveness in the industry, that provides huge opportunities in the future. One of the important conditions is increase flexibility, that allows quickly to adapt production facilities and processes to changes in production and product lines of customer. The digitalization strategy should be applied transversely to all processes, starting from production, logistics, and quality till design, procurement, human resources, or finance. Transversal applying of digitalization strategy is possible in the creation of technology centers graphic engineering worldwide, the use of computerized simulation, CAD systems and virtual 3D environments for research, analysis, evaluation, validation and improvement of production processes. The important aspect to form the future is the development of innovative solutions that contribute turning new concepts into an industrial reality.
The revolution in logistics digitalization gives automakers and service providers the opportunity to stay flexible and to be ahead of time. The main transformers are data and digital rethinking of the supply chain, that contribute a significant growth in trade. Advanced automakers create a digital workforce and program robots to solve repetitive tasks. All this provides full flexibility in software development with integrated in it robot’s hardware, fast iterations and adjustments, when it is necessary, which might not have been easily achieved using traditional methods. These projects can be extended to ones with greater investment. Mainly, more flexible and service-oriented solutions can be implemented as a response to speed and automation in logistics. Thereby, it is possible to satisfy the changing and demanding needs of customers now and in the future.
The favorable development of the country’s economy depends on the correct distribution of its resources, meanwhile, the higher the return on capital ratio, taking into account all existing risks, the more promising economic development in the long term. Financial literacy of Russian citizens is an important aspect of the financial market and the financial system as a whole, which affects the distribution of resources in the country. The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between financial literacy and savings in the conditions of digitalization.
The main resource possessed by the population are their savings. In a market economy, there is a wide variety of savings and investment opportunities, while it is quite difficult for an individual who does not have a sufficient level of knowledge in the field of finance to make the right decision about the storage and distribution of his temporarily free cash. This can lead to excessive accounts payable, fraud, dependence on the crisis in the country, and as a result – to the loss of part of the accumulated funds. Recently, one can notice a growth trend in cash incomes and savings of the population, as well as an expanding market for financial products and services, which increases personal responsibility for financial decisions made by an individual.
In this regard, the problem of increasing financial literacy is facing the state quite acutely, because economic growth, investment attractiveness, development of the financial market, stability of the financial system and increasing the competitiveness of the Russian economy depend on it.
ISSN 2686-8407 (Online)