The Russian economy key sectors such as energy, metallurgy, and agro-industrial in the international trade system have been studied, considering the commitments made within the framework of the World Trade Organization. sectors’ foreign trade flows dynamics for the period 2020–2024 has been analyzed, structural changes in the geography of exports and imports have been identified, and mechanisms for adapting industries to new geo-economic conditions have been studied. As the analysis result, it has been found that the Russian foreign trade reorientation to the neutral countries’ markets has led to a significant commodity flows transformation: the share of neutral countries in the export structure increased from 45% in 2020 to 86% in 2024. The study showed that the energy sector remains a key export destination, accounting for 61.5% of total exports in 2024, while its geographical structure has undergone drastic changes with the Asian direction dominance. The specifics of the customs and tariff policy implementation in Russia in relation to critically important imports, including the temporary zeroing of import duties on equipment not manufactured domestically, have been revealed. The metallurgical sector demonstrates the process of active adaptation to the changed conditions of the international market, which is confirmed by the growth of supplies to the Asia-Pacific region, while reducing the European direction. In the agro-industrial complex sphere, the country’s position in the global market of grain and other agricultural products has been strengthened, despite the exports quota regulation implementation to ensure food security. The study confirms that Russia adheres to the basic principles of the World Trade Organization in terms of non-discrimination and transparency when implementing trade protection measures, while actively using acceptable tools to protect national producers. Promising areas for foreign trade activities development in the basic sectors of the economy have been identified, including export diversification, reducing dependence on raw materials, and developing high-tech industries with high added value.

In modern economy, technological leadership and digital technologies are becoming key factors of development both at the global level and at the level of individual countries and territories. The purpose of the study is to systematize business strategies of enterprises related to technological leadership and to study the impact of modern digital technologies on traditional technological leaders and their development strategies. In the theoretical part of the study, a review and systematization of domestic and foreign sources devoted to technological leadership, innovative development, and economic digital transformation have been carried out. In the empirical part of the study, technical efficiency has been calculated, and technological leaders have been identified for three Russian industries. Based on these leading enterprises’ websites content analysis, their use of modern digital technologies has been assessed. A conceptual model of technological leaders development in the context of economic digital transformation has been developed, a classification of technological leadership strategies has been given, and a correlation of these strategies with the types of innovations and their corresponding digital technologies has been proposed. The significant potential for digital technologies development among technologically leading enterprises and a set of constraints associated with the lagging digitalization of business in the country have been identified. The issues of stimulating business digitalization in Russia and the issues of small enterprises, which, due to limited financial and other resources, are lagging far behind in the digitalization process, have been described.

State export promotion system in Russia has been studied. The main focus is on analyzing current measures to support exporters, assessing their effectiveness, and identifying possible areas for improvement. Various aspects of government policy in the exports sphere, including financial mechanisms, tax incentives, subsidies, and other forms of support, have been considered. Based on an integrated approach, an analysis of the state export infrastructure has been carried out, and key issues and limitations hindering the effective development of foreign economic activity have been identified. The issues of coordinating the actions of various government agencies and organizations involved in the export promotion process have been studied. In the context of economic globalization, government financial incentives for exports are becoming an important tool for increasing national producers’ competitiveness in international markets. Export promotion issues are becoming especially important in the import substitution era. Russia needs to develop exports to stimulate the industry development within the country. The study results show that, despite the relative effectiveness of the measures, the domestic export financial incentive system faces a number of issues, such as insufficient coordination among various support tools, limited availability of information on support measures for businesses, and the lack of clear criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of these measures. Based on the analysis, recommendations have been proposed for optimizing the state export financing system, aimed at increasing transparency, accessibility, and effectiveness of the tools used.

Sanctions restrictions, supply chain disruptions, and the need for technological sovereignty have dramatically increased the demand for fast cooperation mechanisms and mass delivery of pilot solutions to the series. Together, these factors determine the relevance of the research topic. Clusters are sites where demand for components, engineering competencies, and sales channels combine. In 2023-2025, the government expanded direct incentives: compensation of up to 50% of the cost of starting batches (up to RUB 150 million), preferential loans, and reduced insurance premiums for certain categories of participants, which increased the influx of projects into the registry. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to study the key trends in the cluster development of industry in Russia in 2023-2025, assess the dynamics of the registry and changes in requirements and support measures, and identify industry shifts and organizational innovations. The evolution and current trends of industrial cluster development in the country have been analyzed. Institutional, technological, and spatial factors influencing the formation and effectiveness of industrial clusters have been assessed. Practical recommendations for improving their effectiveness for the national economy have been proposed. Based on a comparative analysis of federal and regional programs, case studies of industry clusters, as well as incentive tools, the key drivers, and barriers of clustering have been investigated. The main objects of the study are the country’s industrial clusters included in the federal register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, federal measures to support and regulate clusters, industrial parks, and technoparks as the associated infrastructure of clusters.

The subject of this article is a new type of ontologies that can be used in digital management. The purpose of the study is to analyze the general application of ontologies and propose a new type of ontologies for use in digital management. This ontology is an information ontology. The research methodology includes a taxonomy of ontologies, a comparative analysis and justification for the introduction of a new type of ontologies - information ontologies. The scope of the research is modern information and intelligent management, including the field of digital management. The research methodology is based on modern trends in the digital transformation of management and the need to move to intelligent management. The basic foundation for constructing information ontologies are information relations in the information field and information modeling. The research methodology is also based on heuristic methods for constructing ontologies. The prospects for the research should be considered the development of the provisions of the article in the field of intelligent management and unmanned control. Currently, ontology can be used as an auxiliary technology for obtaining knowledge in management problems. So far, the use of ontologies in the field of management can be considered a type of decision support technology. In the future, in light of the development of the paper, the application of ontologies in the field of control will be the main technology, especially in the field of unmanned aerial and ground transport control.

Managing a business in the context of digital transformation is an obvious challenge. Acquiring relevant knowledge and developing skills is an urgent issue. The article is a review of a recently published book by reputable experts, which is based on an original series of lectures and is positioned as a guide on the above issue. It consists of three sections and 12 chapters. The peer-reviewed book examines many issues related to digital transformation, distinguishing between e-business, digital business, and big data-driven business. Attention has been focused on the role of artificial intelligence and mastering the skills of industrial engineering, which have been proposed to be worked out by completing the tasks proposed in the book. The authors systematically consider various aspects of running a digital business, focusing on concepts such as cloud service, digital twins, and fake information. The publication presents and critically examines a large number of examples that mostly reflect the experience of the corporate sector of globalized economy. It is important that the lessons learned from these examples are well documented, while clearly showing the most significant common issues. The book is informative and useful, but by no means exhaustive and ignores a number of important issues. Its name is not quite accurate. Stylistically and compositionally, it is quite perfect, and its interactive tools are of particular interest. The book is recommended as an auxiliary source of information that should be critically perceived by Russian readers.